miRNA as Biomarkers in Forensic Body Fluids Identification

miRNA as Biomarkers in Forensic Body Fluids Identification miRNA profiling: What doesn't work for blood and pee recognizable proof Sarah S. Silva a, b, Teixeira, A.L b, MJ Carneiro de Sousa a,c and Medeiros, R.a, b a †ICBAS, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal b †Molecular Oncology gathering, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal c _ National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, North Branch, 4050-167 Porto, Portugal Dynamic In legal sciences, the ID of blood, semen or vaginal discharges can speak to a significant help for a criminal examination. They can be utilized as a wellspring of DNA yet in addition can hold, just by their essence, the most probative worth. During that time numerous approachs were utilized to distinguish them however totally introduced genuine disadvantage. Of late, mRNA flooded as a possible device for body liquid distinguishing proof yet their reasonableness were a genuine hindrance, much progressively articulated in criminological examples. Since 2009, miRNA profiling flooded as a potential instrument as a corroborative test in crime scene investigation because of their tissue explicit example of articulation. Dissimilar to mRNAs they are substantially more steady because of their legitimacies whose makes them less inclined to debasement forms. In this report, we contemplated the expressional examples of miR-127, miR-221 and RNU-48 out of 50 examples of pee and blood so as to characterize whether they could be utilized as biomarkers for pee or blood ID. Despite the fact that our point was to evaluate whether our miRNAs could be considered as biomarkers, we ran over 2 others fascinating ends: the effect of RNA virtue in miRNAs measurement and which miRNA can't be utilized as a standardization quality for blood and pee ID. Watchwords: miRNA profiling, Forensic, Serology, body liquids, organic biomarkers 1-Introduction Human body liquids are significant segments to depend on a criminal examination [1, 2]. Actually, a complainant’s body liquids present on things having a place with a suspect †or the other way around †holds the most probative worth. For instance, for a situation of a rape in a kid, where a DNA profile recuperated from the youngster bedding and clothing concur with his dad DNA profile, would we be able to consider his dad answerable for the rape? For a situation like this, it isn't sufficient to recoup a DNA profile however it is likewise basic to recognize its source. In the event that no serological test were done, in court, the nearness of DNA could be clarified because of the nearness of epithelial cells in the kid apparel which is absolutely basic when it originates from a kin. Then again, if serological tests connected the DNA profile to semen it would be far increasingly hard to clarify its quality there. Past the probative worth that body liquid may have in a wrongdoing scene, it is likewise critical to recognize them to upgrade conventions to direct a solid DNA profiling [3, 4]. For instance, DNA extraction forms are diverse for blood and pee. In the event that we directed the convention of blood extraction in pee tests it might bring about a decreased nature of the removed DNA e empower any decisive DNA profile [3, 4]. There is the reason, body liquids distinguishing proof is considered as significant advance in criminal examination. For a few, it appears to be anything but difficult to recognize body liquids, for example, blood (shading), pee (smell) or even sperm (surface) be that as it may, when dried, washed or blended in with different parts their ID may not be that simple [1]. It is imperative to feature that in court, there is nothing of the sort as â€Å"It is by all accounts sperm since it seemed as though it and have a similar specific texture†, it is required a certain confirmation that it is sperm. Serological test are utilized in legal science to permit the location and ID of body liquids in both local structure or as a buildup left at a wrongdoing scene. Serological tests are isolated in two significant fields: Presumptive and corroborative test. Hypothetical tests depend on techniques that are touchy and performed rapidly, yet they are not explicit to the body liquid. Those tests can possibly show if the liquids may be available and don't unequivocally expresses its essence. Then again, corr oborative tests are without a doubt explicit to the body liquid we try to distinguish. As hypothetical tests, corroborative testing is delicate in any case, it takes significantly additional time. Optimistically, we ought to have a battery of corroborative test for extremely significant body liquids so as to dependably distinguish and recognize them. Sadly, there is a huge group of hypothetical tests and far less of corroborative ones. Additionally, till date no corroborative test can dependably separate blood from menstrual blood which is a certainly significant body liquid in sexual cases. In the course of the most recent years, mRNA profiling turned into an objective for body liquid ID because of its tissue explicit examples. All things considered, mRNA powerlessness to debasement by physical or synthetic variables was an irrefutable disadvantage. So as to divert issue, miRNA flood with a genuine potential as a corroborative test. MiRNAs are little non-coding RNAs with pretty much than 22 nucleotides of length that, joined with the RNA-initiated quieting complex, appears to manage a significant piece of human quality (5 e 6 do meu artigo). In addition, their tight relationship with Argonaute proteins, they are significantly less susceptive to both biotic and abiotic factors. In 2009, Hanson and associates were the first to present miRNA profiling and soon enough others followed. Those examinations brought up a huge assortment of miRNAs with potential as biomarker, anyway not many were affirmed by more than one gathering which uncovered the absence of reproducibility o f results. In addition, when some attempted to reproduce the aftereffects of others, they fizzled. For this report, we decide to test four miRNAs in both blood and pee of 50 sound individual and study their conduct inside those body liquids. 2-Material and techniques We directed an articulation profiling of 50 solid people. The case bunch was created by Caucasian people with no major neurotic condition so as to eradicate a variable that could modify miRNAs profiles. Fringe venous blood (Xml) and pee were gathered from each subject after the acquisition of a composed educated assent from all subjects. After gathered the examples were handled. The examples were utilized for miRNAs extraction with GRS microRNA Kit (Grisp) as per the producers guidelines. Along these lines, miRNa priorly extricated were utilized as a format for cDNA union utilizing TaqMan ® MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystemsâ ®). To evaluate miRNA articulation, ongoing PCR examines were performed with a StepOneâ„ ¢ System utilizing TaqMan ®Universal Master Mix II (Applied Biosystemsâ ®). The objective miRNAs were enhanced by a lot of planned introductions for miR-127-5p, miR-221*, miR-222* and RNU48. miR-222* was utilized as a standardization quality miRNAs relative measurements. The information investigation was performed utilizing the StepOne Software v2.2 (Applied Biosystemsâ ®). Factual examination was completed by the PC programming IBM ®SPSS ®Statistics (Version 22.0). So as to survey any factual modifications in our standardized miRNAs articulation we utilized 2âˆ'ÃŽÃŽCt strategy and Students t test. 3-Results 3.1-Cycle edge versus RNA virtue Pee tests were prepared and the subsequent pellet was weakened in 1ml of Tripure. Outwardly a wide scope of pink shading was recognizable inside our pee tests. Those with a profound pink were connected with tests with an increasingly generous pellet not at all like those with a less impressive pellet who introduced themselves with a lighter shading. After miRNA extraction, we measure miRNA articulation of miR-222 in pee tests and saw that lone not many of them were recognized. Curiously, just the ones with a lighter shading were in reality identified. This precarious circumstance could be clarified by the proportion of absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm which is utilized to evaluate the immaculateness of RNA. For this situation, lighter shading was likewise a marker of a more noteworthy proportion, then again, those with higher optical thickness had a low proportion, a long way from the proportion of ~2.0 which is commonly acknowledged as â€Å"pure† for RNA. So as to divert sens itive circumstance, we pick an example (MU26) that has an ideal 260/280nm proportion and weakened different examples to even out their optical thickness with Tripure. Posteriorly, we pick 5 examples to test and saw an extensive lessening of Ct in the examples prepared with the streamlined convention (Fig.1). The distinction of Ct esteem is extremely huge, almost 6 Ct, showing that RNA immaculateness is plainly a factor that challenge miRNA profiling. As appeared, miRNA evaluation goes with a low fixation or can go absolutely undetected when 260/280nm proportion is low be that as it may, when enhanced, miRNA focus expanded fundamentally. As said already, various reports showed miRNAs as biomarkers for human body liquids recognizable proof however, when others attempted to repeat them, they fizzled. Our outcomes shows that for a similar example, various degrees of virtue can choose whether or not a miRNA is identified, when it unquestionably influence their focus. There is the reason, RNA virtue should have been ideal else it might prompt untrustworthy outcomes, which could clarify, the bombed endeavors done by certain creators when attempting to repeat others results. Figure 1 Cycle limit versus RNA virtue. This figure presents the Ct estimations of miR-222 taken from 5 examples prepared with both ordinary and enhanced convention (first and second segment individually). It is indicated that the impressive fall of Ct esteems relates with an expansion of 260/280nm proportion. 3.2 †Normalization quality In qRT-PCR, information standardization is essentially required for measurement examination [5-7].

Identify a standard used by the VA in its information security Research Paper

Distinguish a standard utilized by the VA in its data security program, at that point investigate with another comparable norm - Research Paper Example The division consequently contains a great deal of touchy data implying that the substance needs the best possible types of interior controls so as to ensure information on the various individuals that is contained inside the framework. It is hence an essential for the association to embrace the best and most secure framework as serves the veterans as well as liaises with different offices to guarantee appropriate assistance conveyance for the veterans. There are the obligatory principles that are required by the government and different norms that the substances receive so as to have a set degree of family inside the worldwide patterns. One of the security necessities by the Federal government that the element has received is the FIPS 200 that is a standard indicated by the Federal Information Security Systems Act (FISMA) that is a significant part in chance administration (Norman, 2007). The security frameworks indicated under this standard are significant for guaranteeing the uprightness, secrecy and accessibility of the PC framework and its data while guaranteeing that the dangers that the organization may look in the process have been essentially decreased. Under the FIPS200 measures there are the administration shields, specialized protections and the operational shields. The administration shields manage hazard appraisal and security arranging factors while the operational guidelines are fundamentally worried about the staff security and the product and equipment support inside the association. The specialized defends then again are worried about the review trails and correspondences assurance (Norman, 2007). The FIPS 200 standard is relevant to all government data in order to require the security of data against any unapproved exposure. The norms has the base security necessities that it expects of the association in the various territories that

Feeling Good

Feeling Good I’m in my room, clacking away on my laptop, my fingers slowly defrosting, bits of ice forced into my intestines (by Cambridge’s spooky weather) slowly melting, and I feel pretty good. It’s been a while I typed up something that wasn’t a p-set or a study paper, a consequence of the past three weeks sapping so much time. The barrage of classes, problem-sets and exams all culminated in two midterms this past Monday, alongside a p-set I turned in one Ed Sheeran song before the deadline. Needless to say, I spent a large amount of time yesterday going through way too many equations, free-body diagrams and cancer-modeling pictures, splayed in different positions. Sometimes, I work sprawled on my bed, usually when I’m reading. Mostly, I hunch over a “makeshift” tableâ€"what kind of makeshift, you definitely don’t want to know. A few times, I sit on the floor and try to think things through. For rather difficult problems, sitting seems kind of hard to do while thinking of solutions, so I like to walk around in small circles, muttering to myself, twirling my fingers in the air, undoubtedly looking insane to any invisible observers. There are these spurts of time that feel like a great, cool intake of air after you’ve held your breath for way too long, spurts that come typically after curling the final integral sign onto the last problem of a p-set or after drawing a sad smiley on the final page of a difficult midterm and hoping you get credit for the dimples. And suddenly, you’re kind of…free? Only for a while, but yes, it feels like temporary freedom, to just take a breath and relax without feeling too guilty. This is quite the rant, and I guess it’s one born of euphoria. I’m done with midterms for the semester. No more exams until the Finals roll around in the middle of next month. There are still p-sets though, but we can forget about those for now. For now, I feel good. I also felt good last Friday. I had just finished a calculus midterm exam…and it felt odd because that was the first time in MIT I had completed an exam with several minutes to spare. This wasn’t why I felt good though. I turned in my exam paper and headed to my dorm. On arrival, I saw my name on the big screen in the Foo Lounge of Random Hall, the screen that indicates the presence of mail. I wasn’t expecting a package, so I was curious. My first thought had been something along the lines that my international secret government spy cover had been blown, and ninjas had left some device of doom thatoh, oh, it’s just a basket. But when I took the small wrapped basket from the friendly front desk person, I realized it wasn’t just a basket. It was full of candy, chocolate-covered pretzel sticks, gummy bears, crackers, and a note from my roommate, saying in the last few lines: “thanks for being an awesome roommate; I would probably be crying in a hole right now if you weren’t here.” Me? Awesome? Clumsy, sure, but awesome? Needless to say, I stood there, smiling as widely as any person could, the ends of my mouth probably whipping past my ears in a curl. It was both unexpected and delightful, and I was grateful for it. The Cambridge Weather, to which we shall now address as Evil, saw to it that my happiness was as short-lived as possible, bringing howling winds and a spirit-drenching cold that night and the following day. The only upside to that was being able to breathe out and see white puffs of air float out like ghosts, while wondering if that was movie-esque (yes, that word is made up). However, even with multiple layers of clothingâ€"sometimes in questionable combinations of jackets, sweaters and hoodiesâ€"I still felt like I was navigating the deepest parts of a gigantic refrigerator. Over the rest of the weekend, I watched the MIT Chorallaries astound a large crowd with incredible singing, explored a bit of Cambridge, felt my dorm literally shake (construction nearby, old building, long story), spammed a mailing list with nothing but “eom”, ran around a maze of students that had brought energy, enthusiasm and cameras for the Splash weekend, and eventually got around to studying for my two midterms. Physics went fine; Biology went a whole lot better than the last time, although one of the questions about single nucleotide polymorphism chips, vaguely resembling a computer-science/advanced-combinatorics hybrid had me stumped. I have since thenâ€"by which I mean, a few seconds agoâ€"found out the answers, and have a good mind to kick myself in the head. 7.012â€"Intro Bioâ€"is definitely a very challenging intro GIR; it also has its moments. Recently, a lot of it. Beyond learning about the cold, hard facts of vesicular microsomes and transcription factors, we sometimes delve into the human workings behind those facts, the little strokes of luck that brought about certain major discoveries, the simple experiments that paved way for larger, more complex ones…and I recently got a sense of something, from one of the classes in which Eric Lander tied in everything we had learned thus far to developing drugs for a certain heart disease. I got the sense of how beyond the 1400 pages of our textbook and the words uttered in class, beyond the teeth-kicking problem sets, everything we had learned in 7.012 this semester connected like meshing gears to hold up the fabric of the world. It felt like if I really thought about these things, genomic variation, nucleotide mutations, the workings of immunology, I could see them taking on bigger forms, yielding impacts. I’m in my first semester at MIT, and I’ve struggled a lot with Biology, but I’ve also been amazed by it, and understand that over the course of the upcoming semesters, MIT is going to split my mind open. My vague appreciation of how the things we learn in class can actually translate into changing the world in some not-at-all-over-idealized way is probably going to bloom. And it feels like…it just feels like MIT is preparing us to go out there and make those impacts. I’ve never really sat down and thought to myself, “I can make a huge difference…” because on the surface, that might sound silly and nothing more than proverbial, but in 7.012, I realize it isn’t. Serendipity would play a role somewhere; a lot of it would have to come from a great amount of hard work, but MIT saw something in me, and in everyone else that calls the Institute home, and MIT said, “You can do it.” However, MIT also likely sees it in people that may never call the Institute home. The first round of admissions decisions will be out soon, and the committee is going carefully through thousands of applications, digging themselves into your lives. Hopefully, they’ll come to understand the things that get you excited, the little segments of your lives that blend like jigsaw puzzles to define you. They’ll have to make extremely tough decisions, but regardless of the outcome, there’s a hope and energy that echoed in the pagesâ€"or pdf filesâ€"of your applications, one that shouldn’t ultimately hinge on a letter of acceptance or rejection. Very soon, in a blog post or two, I’m going to talk about the journey that led me to MIT, about the events that took place during the gap year that could easily have had me elsewhere. And I think the one thing I understood from reflecting on that now is thisâ€"I had things I had woven myself so deeply around that they were a part of me, ideas or activities that got me bristling, bubbling, overwhelmed. Those things were a big part of me when I sent in my application, and the outcome of the admissions committee’s decision existed totally independent of how strongly I felt and still feel about them. MIT is preparing everyone here to make a palpable difference in the world, but what exactly does this mean? The most important tools we have are our zeals, our enthusiasms, our brimming ideas, clashing, mingling, as the resources are set forth before us, but ultimately, anything we do hinges far more on who we areâ€"before we applied here, after we got our letters of acceptance and rejection from wherever we appliedâ€"and on having the sense that, because we’ll still love science experiments, or art, or the bliss of music, or Ultimate Frisbee regardless of anything, we’ll be able to use them as a platform for development wherever we are. The stories I learn about in 7.012, of Mendel’s experiment with the peas, of the sleepless night leading to Sturtevant’s conception of a genetic map, of the great role luck played in James Gusella’s polymorphism idea, were ultimately more of tales of inquiry and perseverance paying off than of location. It’s important to never lose track of the things that make you happy, and of the mindset that you have the potential to forge great things out of them. Well, I’m hungry right now, so I’ll probably go scavenge the kitchen or hope for a free-food e-mail to land in my inbox. I get quite a number of free-food e-mails on an almost daily basis, and in fact, I think I’ll do an e-mail search right now. You see how there were four free-food e-mails this past Sunday? And one on Saturday and three on Thursday? Hopefully, there’ll be one more tonight. My senses are attuned to these kinds of e-mails like a ravenously roving satellite dish. Well, it’s been a pretty good day (he says for the millionth time). I had to stay up really late studying and didn’t get much sleep, but I took a brief power nap a few hours ago, and since then, I’ve felt great. It’s weird. I have no more work due this week. There’s a calculus problem-set for next week and a brief reading for my philosophy class, but that’s relatively light, and it feels kind of weird, kind of amazing. It’s also Thanksgiving this Thursday, but I have very little to say about that, since I’m an international student, and it’s not really a thing in Nigeria. Regardless, I definitely have a lot to be thankful forâ€"my roommate, my friends, my family, my Alpha Delta Phi brothers, the people close to me, my sense of happiness right now, the eighty-five or so Taylor Swift songs on my phone, the idea that I can always whip out words to construct my thoughts and emotions and feel good doing that. And of course, the fact that MIT is giving us two days off classes. I’ll probably spend a good portion of this week writing stories. You can read a short one I wrote a few weeks ago here, although its fairly gory. I hope you guys have an amazing Thanksgiving this week, and have the chance to reflect on the things that make you bloom, the people that make you happy, the life you get to live now, and be thankful for them. For everything. Time does tick after all.

Benjamin Franklin Self Improvement - 923 Words

Self-improvement Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston into a traditional Puritan household and he grew up in morals and ideas of America’s first European settlers that affected Franklin when he is a child. â€Å"My parents had early given me religious impressions, and brought me through my childhood piously in the Dissenting way.† and â€Å"†¦ my mind with regard to my principles and morals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 43) He lived in a time of tumultuous changes that his character and thought were shaped by a blending of Puritan heritage and enlightenment philosophy. Franklin’s father, Josiah, intended Franklin would go into the church that put Franklin to school as a child. â€Å"I was put to the grammar-school at eight years of age, my father intending to devote, as the tithe of his sons, to the service of the Church.† (Page 6) and developed his writing and math skill by his father altered his intention â€Å"took me from the grammar-school, and sent me to a school for w riting and arithmetic, kept by a then famous man, Mr. George Brownell†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 6) Franklin was developed his writing skill and felt interesting in it. In his early childhood, reading became the most important part for Franklin’s self-improvement. Later on his life, he met up great literatures by Shakespeare, Pope, and Addison, which build up his character and attitude. He wanted to become an English writer when he met with the Spectator by Joseph Addison. â€Å"I thought the writing excellent, and wished, if possible, to imitate it.† (Page 11) and â€Å"byShow MoreRelatedBenjamin Franklin Self Improvement Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagesin the world is the room for improvement†(Schmidt). Not a single person currently on this earth is perfect, everybody has their flaws. Benjamin Franklin recognized the imperfections in his habits and wanted to eliminate them to the best of his ability. He created this ingenious plan to abolish or at least improve upon t hese imperfections. He started by making a list of what virtues or characteristics he wanted to gain from his plan and clearly defined them. Franklin them proceeded to create the scheduleRead MoreBenjamin Franklin Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Benjamin Franklin was born in Milk Street, Boston on January 6, 1706. Throughout his existence Franklin exemplified a life of self-improvement. 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Thesis formative Assessment - 7006 Words

LEARNING ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES FIELD STUDY 3 A STUDENT PORTFOLIO ______________________________________________________ PRESENTED to COLLEGE OF EDUCATION JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY THE PREMIER STATE IN ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE DIPOLOG CAMPUS, DIPOLOG CITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE COURSE FIELD STUDY 5 BY: MARY JANE C. ROJAS OCTOBER, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Title Page ______________________________________________i II. Approval Sheet _________________________________________ii III. Dedication ____________________________________________iii CHAPT ER I: Field Study 5 an Overview Introduction____________________________________________________1†¦show more content†¦It involves the different assessment and evaluation strategies and methods that can be employing during and after the discussion. With the use of different assessment like authentic assessment, the learners will become effective performers with acquired knowledge, while the teacher will be able to measure the learners capacity to do work and enhance her/his strategies to be an effective teacher. There are more assessment tools that can be used especially the authentic assessment and traditional assessment. The used of authentic assessment is to engage learners to discourse social learning to involve in real-world problems and used of traditional assessment is to possess a body of knowledge and skills among the learners. This subject is the key to be preparing the student teacher before going the practice teacher. Through this portfolio, you will find the objective, significance of Field Study, definition of terms, the related concepts and theories, my narrative reports, presentation of outputs/task, findings conclusions and recommendations and others that will determine to what extent I achieve. 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In a descriptive cross sectional survey method, administrative staff in healthcare institutions and maintenance employees and associatesRead MoreDetermining Mastery For Instructional Strategies1716 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex procedure even for the most experienced educators. It involves not only a designated percentage on assessments, but also must take into account the cognitive complexity of the assessment as well as the nature of the learning goal students are being asked to master. This further requires consideration for â€Å"the rigor of expectations set for students’ performance† (Guskey, 2001). An assessment can contain items or tasks that are so challenging that even students who receive a low â€Å"cutoff† score

Salvador Dali Last Supper Free Essays

February 4, 2009 Surrealistic Meeting Salvador Dali drew the pictureâ€Å"The Sacrament of the Last Supper†in 1955. This painting has quite a bit of emotion as you look and see how the apostles are kneeling. This image was created to show the futurism in the resurrection of Christ. We will write a custom essay sample on Salvador Dali Last Supper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Futurism rejects the traditional form and include art into modern technology. In this painting the most significant detail in this portrait, would be the spirt above the table in form of the cross. This figure is Jesus sprit rising out of him the night before he was going to be crucified. Everyone at the table see this spirt floating out of him and that is why they are bowing their heads. Along with this spirt rising, the large windows in the background, Dali seemed to want all the heavens see what is going on during this meal. Salvador Dali’s picture is a totally different setting than the original painting of the last supper. Dali’s is set in a peaceful table with bright sun that is showing happiness and the bright future of everyone at the table. With the mountains covered in snow the setting must be cold but the people in the picture look very warm with just their light robes on while praying. Dali’s picture shows the man rising above the table must be the spirit of Jesus leaving his body the night before he was crucified. The arms reaching over the people at the table show his power, strength and desire to protect the loyal ones. The Jesus at the table is in torn clothes, symbolizing a struggle during the day. He looks at peace, like he is ready for his punishment the next day. Out stretched arms of his spirit means he is floating up to the heavens, so the only thing left is just his body or shell. The other people at the table are praying for his spirit and giving thanks for the bread and wine he left them on the table. On the left arm of Jesus is a dove sitting on his hand that symbolizes the calmness of the situation. His right hand, with the fingers that look like they are pointing to the spirit rising above shows the world  that his spirit will not be stopped no matter what they do with his shell he will live on. This surrealistic setting is the sign that Dali is portraying Jesus as a wonderful peaceful man. He is facing his ordeal with courage and dignity. He looks to be telling his people not to morn and not to hate for what is about to happen. Letting everyone know to keep faith in him and all will be well in the future. The sun shining through the clouds indicates the day is calm and warm even though the mountains have snow in them, It seems Jesus is assuring them that he will keep them all warm with his heart. There is a boat on the shore and that must mean someone with wealth and power showed up for the supper, it might belong to the one person that is in the gold robe. The setting of this background might be a place by Dali’s home or  a place where he wanted to live. The big wooden beams and stone dining area proves this is a strong place and built to withstand anything. The arms of Jesus spirit are going through the beams and must mean that nothing is as strong as the spirit of Jesus. This surrealistic setting is the sign that Dali is portraying Jesus as a wonderful peaceful man. He is facing his ordeal with courage and dignity. He looks to be telling his people not to morn and not to hate for what is about to happen. Letting everyone know to keep faith in him and all will be well in the future. This painting has a very peaceful and serene theme as shown by the mountains, and the calm face of Jesus. How to cite Salvador Dali Last Supper, Papers

CSR Practices and Business Strategies

Question: Describe about the report of CSR Practices and Business Strategies? Answer: Executive Summary Issues associated with the CSR are quite important for the business. Different types of strategies are adopted by the company to increase the production activities. In this process, the management is encouraged to think about the safety of the staffs and implementing the rights strategies for increasing the safety measures for the environment. The steps taken by the company differs, however the prime objective is to introduce the best strategies for the company. Introduction Corporate social responsibility, which is also known, has the sustainable responsibility of the business plays a key role in explaining the best way to carry out the business performance. CSR is referred to as the self-regulated rules, through which the business model adopted by the company can be explained. The prime objective of the companies is to increase the profit earning margin by following the ethical standards, international norms, and safety measures for the employees. Thus, in some cases the companies go beyond the compliance procedure and implement an accurate action plan through which the required changes can be introduced by the company. Through this policy the company undertakes the responsibilities through which the corporate action plans needs to be introduced. This is done to impose positive environmental factors, which is considered to be essential for carrying out the operational activities. The security measures are imposed for taking care of the interest of the stakeholders, clients, and staffs (Giampalmi, 2004). Companies can help in improving the business practices to prevent recurrences of events Definition of CSR Corporate social responsibility is a term that is associated with the responsibilities that needs to be undertaken by the company towards the environment and the community. For this, the management has to postulate or introduce effective strategies for improving the safety measures within the company, monitor and control the wastages, contribute towards various social and educational programs, and introduce better means to earn returns on the employee resources. Such activities are quite important for the successful business conduct and improve the brand image for the organization (Gillis, Spring, 2001). It is essential to create share value system, through which the contends related to ideas and other factors associated with the business execution can be carried out. This includes sharing ideas related to the social welfare and social welfare factors. With the help of qualified and experienced workforce, sustainable resources, adherence to the government rules, and other factors it is possible for the company to introduce the best system for improving the production process. In this method, the company highly concentrates on developing and adopting the better methods for creating income and securing the community from any sort of harms. This is one of the reasons, the competitive advance and CSR has to be linked in the best possible manner. In this method, the company work towards introducing plans for achieving short term profitability and handling several issues associated with the social and environmental goals (Grossmanx, 2004). Carols Pyramid In Carols pyramid, the social tasks intended to be performed by the companies are classified into 4 different parts. The parts have been classified into different layers in order to improve the possibilities for earning better profits for the companies. Some of the important parts or layers are mentioned below a. Economic responsibilities - In this layer, the companies posits to follow the rules and laws framed by the government. It includes the rules drafted for the environmental and the consumer laws. The company is expected to protect the rights of the staffs, and provide the best possible services to the clients. Rules suggests with adopting the right process for improving the production activities needs to be introduced by the company. This will help in approaching maximum number of clients and increasing the sales. The health of the employees working with the company is an important factor, and the same needs to be effectively followed by the management (Hall, 2007). b. Legal responsibilities This layer basically concentrates on adopting the right procedure for improving the production activities. The tasks undertaken by the company has to be done legally. This will help in minimizing any sort of harm that is caused to the stakeholders, employees, clients, and environment of the com pany. c. Ethical responsibility In the ethical factors, the company follows transparent and ethical methods for increasing the performance and quality of the organization. In this process, the company intends to contribute towards the human resources and financial factors through which the quality of life can be improved. Companies are expected to support different types of community programs, educate people about the health and human services, arts, and others (Handy, 2002).d. Philanthropic responsibilities - In this layer the company concentrates on adopting and implementing strategies for being a good corporate citizen. In this case, the company work towards improving the quality of life of the people and other factors through which better services can be improved. The company is expected to perform different charitable tasks, which would benefit the community (Oskamp, S., Schultz, 2006). People, planet, and profit the three Ps for Bottom Line Company The 3P is associated with the business model, through which the companies can be encouraged to adopt the better methods for achieving the sustainable plan. Many companies have adopted the standards that have been defined under the triple bottom line. The term refers to the people, profit, and planet (Meyerson, 2001). People TBL argues about undertaking the responsibilities through which the operational activities for the company can be improved. Companies ensure to provide the best possible benefits to the staffs and the community through the business activities. Employees benefits are analyzed and the tasks are enforced by the human resource department of the company. The staffs of the company are entitled to provide the required compensation to the staffs in case of occurrence of any untoward incidence. In the similar manner, the management has to ensure that the right steps are taken to create a safe and positive work culture and environment for the staffs. This will improve the work ability of the members and increase the value (Hanson, Middleton, 2000). Planet In this case, the companies involved with different types of production activities undertake the corrective steps through which the harm to the environment can be minimized. This is done to reduce the negative impact to the business, and reduce on the operational activities. It is essential for the company to control the pollution that can impact the eco-system. The energy consumption factors are analyzed, as this will reduce the carbon emission caused to the environment. In fact, companies adopt different strategies for protecting the environment by introducing it in the suitable plan (Hartman et al., 2007). Profit Companies no longer work only to earn profit, as it was done earlier. In this case, the management analyzes different strategies through which the profit earning margin can be improved, without increasing the operational activities. In this case, the management attempt to adopt safe methods for increasing profit (Kennedy, 2007). Pros and cons of CSR The concept associated with The Runan Plaza incidence. Around 1134 people had lost their lives and more than 2500 people were injured. Prior to the occurrence of the incidence, many international leading companies had insisted to improve the security measures that were adopted by other companies. Such rules were exclusively regulated for poor and underdeveloped countries, where health and safety measures for the staffs were not followed. Garment industry in Bangladesh had become the biggest exporters to the USA and Europe. Issues associated with the ethical consumerism were questioned, as many leading names had imported clothes from Bangladesh. Thus, rules were drafted to introduce better methods for increasing the production activities, without causing harm to the environment. This also included improving the health and safety measures for the staffs, avoiding child labor, and other factors (Kambalame, deCleene, 2006). Benefits of CSR a. Costs Different types of programs has been introduced to reduce the cost for operations. This includes introducing better equipments, and handling the environmental factors(Joseph, 2002). b. Brand image Safe and reliable production activities, improves the brand image for the company (Hempel, Porges, 2004)c. Win trust of the stakeholders Through this process, it is possible for the company to win the confidence of the investors. d. Customer relation Through this method, the company can improve the quality of customer relationship, which is required for sustaining the tough competition. Disadvantage a. Monitor- It is quite a challenge to monitor the tasks performed by the outsourced companies. This is one of the most important factors, through which the management can introduce the required changes (Hulm, 2006). b. Analysis of costs- The cost for introducing new mechanism for production and sales can be expensive. This can affect the operational plan of the company. Research and evidence of ethical operational activities for ethical consumerism The ethical issues faced by Toyota have been included in this part. Toyota had faced lots of ethical problem, which had impacted the performance of the company. Some of the problem had affected the performance and goodwill of the organization. One of the major issues faced by the company was associated with the quality control procedure. The quality of some of the cars was considered not to be at par, and this had affected the sales and the production activities. Some of the problem faced by the company included poor floor mat, sticky gas pedals, acceleration issues, and others. This had caused lots of problem for the clients and had increased the number of accidents. The problem associated with the floor mat had caused the acceleration issues, which had affected the quality of the cars that were manufactured by the company. Management of the company had accepted the fact that the quality of the car was poor and had impacted the trust of the clients on the company. The company had al so faced ethical issues that were associated with the acceptance of the reasons for the poor quality of the cars manufactured by the company. In this case, the management felt the need to assure the clients about changing the quality of the car manufactured and reduce the untoward incidences (Husted, 2003). Issues associated with the environmental factors were also analyzed. In this method, the company took the best advantage of the globalization but the required changes for introducing the changes were not followed. This impacted the quality of the task and the steps that were intended to be implemented for improving the quality of production activities. Car manufacturing process had received a free trade pass, which encouraged the company to venture into new market. Due to this, the management of the company could increase the number of factories for carrying out the production activities. Such factors had caused an increase in the problem related to the climate change. Pollution due to the production and fumes had negatively impacted the climate of the environment (Ireland, 2007). Solutions In order to follow the rules that were stated under the CSR, the management of the company undertook drastic steps. This was done with an intention of increasing the quality of production activities, and winning the trust of the customers and the stakeholders. For this, the management of the company apologized to the clients and the stakeholders. Many cars that were sold to the clients were recalled. Such steps were taken to avert the accidents that were mainly caused due to the wrong or improper quality of production. In this process, the company analyzed the quality of the cars that were manufactured and introduce better steps for increasing the production activities. The management introduced an effective control system, through which the major issues associated with the control process could be handled (Jayne, 2004). In order to reduce on the issues associated with the environment, the company introduced eco-friendly production activities. This included manufacturing hybrid cars that required less fuel and would emit less pollution. Through such strategies, the management of the company attempted to approach maximum number of clients and increase the production activities. Management ensured to proved accurate information to the clients and the stakeholders. This was done to win the confidence of the embers and continue with the production activities, without any interruption (Jones, 2000). Conclusion Issues associated with the CSR factors are considered to be quite essential for the business management. Many companies ensure to improve the quality of the production activities and cause less impact to the environment. For this, it was necessary to introduce the best policies through which the production activities can be improved. The challenges involved with the process of executing the tasks associated with the production and impact to the environment were analyzed. Through such process the management attempted to adopt the best strategies through which the production activities could be improved. 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Fair trade as a business model. International Trade Forum, 2, 2021. Husted, B. W. (2003). Governance choices for corporate social responsibility: To contribute, collaborate or internalize? Long Range Planning, 36(5), 481498. Ireland, J. (2007). A responsible company thats making the grade. Leadership in Action, 27(1), 1820. Jayne, V. (2004). Sustainable and responsible now a fact of management life? New Zealand Management, 51(3), 2633 Jones, D. R. (2000). Leadership strategies for sustainable development: A case study of Suma Wholefoods. Business Strategy the Environment, 9(6), 378389. Joseph, E. (2002). Promoting corporate social responsibility: Is market-based regulation sufficient? New Economy, 9(2), 96101. Kambalame, D., deCleene, S. (2006). Partnership building as an approach to addressing corporate social responsibility in the agriculture sector in Malawi. Development Southern Africa, 23(2), 281287 Kennedy, C. (2007). The great and the good. Director, 61(3), 102106. Meyerson, D. 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